Bioinspired edible vesicles as standardized nanoestrogens for safe bone remodeling in osteoporosis

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is driven by estrogen deficiency, while current therapies are limited by poor specificity and safety concerns. Here, inspired by the dietary use of soybean as a natural source of phytoestrogens, soybean-derived nanovesicles are identified as a bioinspired nanoestrogen platform enriched with estrogen-like bioactive components. These edible nanovesicles are produced via a scalable strategy with high yield and robust batch-to-batch consistency, ensuring quality controllability. They are efficiently internalized by cells and may involve estrogen receptor-mediated dual regulation of bone remodeling by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, thereby restoring bone homeostasis. In vivo, they exhibit prolonged circulation and preferential bone accumulation, leading to effective bone regeneration. Importantly, systematic biosafety evaluations demonstrate excellent biocompatibility. These findings suggest that edible soybean-derived nanovesicles may serve as a quality-controllable nanoestrogen-like platform for osteoporosis intervention, while further mechanistic, safety, and translational studies are required before clinical application.