In Vivo Proof of Biological Safety and Physiological Effects of Orally Ingested Water Containing H₂-Filled Ultrafine...

Owing to their unique physicochemical properties and diverse biological effects, ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) have recently been expected to be utilized for industrial and biological purposes. Thus, this study investigated the biological safety of UFBs in water for living beings in drinking the water with a view to future use in health sciences. In this study, we used H₂-filled UFBs (NanoGAS^®) that can hold hydrogen in the aqueous phase for a long time. Mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups: those receiving NanoGAS^® water, reverse osmosis water, or natural mineral water, and they ingested it ad libitum for one month or three months. As a result, subchronic drinking of NanoGAS^® water does not affect either the common blood biochemical parameters or the health of the organs and mucosal membranes. Our results, for the first time, scientifically demonstrated the biological safety of H₂-filled UFBs water for subchronic oral consumption.