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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

1.9K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
1.9K
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.1K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
1.1K
Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

5.6K
Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...
5.6K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

822
An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
822
Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale01:22

Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale

4.8K
The definition of temperature in terms of molecular motion suggests that there should be a lowest possible temperature, where the average kinetic energy of molecules is zero (or the minimum allowed by quantum mechanics). Experiments confirm the existence of such a temperature, called absolute zero. An absolute temperature scale is one whose zero point is absolute zero. Such scales are convenient in science because several physical quantities, such as the volume of an ideal gas, are directly...
4.8K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

552
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
552

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
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Development of a surface atmosphere temperature observation instrument.

Jie Yang1, Mengqing Tan2, Qingquan Liu1

  • 1Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|February 1, 2023
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Summary

A novel natural ventilation instrument minimizes radiation errors in atmospheric temperature observations. Field tests show an average error of only 0.12°C, improving accuracy for environmental monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Instrument Engineering
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Accurate atmospheric temperature observation is crucial for meteorological studies and climate monitoring.
  • Radiation interference poses a significant challenge to the precision of traditional temperature sensors.
  • Existing instruments often struggle to mitigate the impact of solar and thermal radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a new natural ventilation temperature observation instrument.
  • To minimize radiation errors affecting atmospheric temperature measurements.
  • To develop a robust method for correcting radiation-induced inaccuracies.

Main Methods:

  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to construct the instrument's thermal characteristics.
  • Radiation error was quantified under various environmental conditions.
  • A back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm was employed to create a multivariable radiation error correction equation.
  • Field tests were conducted using a 076B forced ventilation device as a reference.

Main Results:

  • The new natural ventilation instrument demonstrated a high degree of accuracy.
  • The average error of the instrument was found to be 0.12°C.
  • Excellent agreement with the reference device was observed, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999.

Conclusions:

  • The developed natural ventilation instrument effectively minimizes radiation impact on temperature observations.
  • The BPNN-based correction model significantly enhances measurement accuracy.
  • This instrument offers a reliable solution for precise atmospheric temperature monitoring in diverse conditions.