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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

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Differences in a Musician's Advantage for Speech-in-Speech Perception Based on Age and Task.

Michelle Cohn¹, Santiago Barreda¹, Georgia Zellou¹

¹Phonetics Lab, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Davis.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR

|February 2, 2023

Summary

Musicians show an advantage in understanding speech in noisy environments, particularly younger adults. This benefit, linked to fundamental frequency (f0) processing and attention, decreases with age.

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Area of Science:

Auditory Neuroscience
Psychoacoustics
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Musicians often exhibit enhanced auditory skills due to extensive training.
The transferability of these skills to speech-in-noise perception is a subject of ongoing research.
Age-related changes in auditory processing may influence music-to-speech transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether musical experience confers an advantage in speech-in-noise perception.
To examine the effect of age on this potential musician's advantage.
To explore the roles of fundamental frequency (f0) separation and attentional demands in modulating this advantage.

Main Methods:

Compared musicians and nonmusicians (aged 18-66) with normal hearing.
Employed selective and divided attention tasks involving competing speech.
Manipulated fundamental frequency (f0) separation between talkers.

Main Results:

Increased f0 separation improved accuracy in both tasks.
Musicians, especially younger ones, showed higher accuracy and greater reliance on f0 separation in sentence identification.
This musician advantage diminished with age.
Musicians of all ages benefited from f0 separation in vowel detection but not consistently in identification.

Conclusions:

Findings support a hybrid auditory encoding-attention model for music-to-speech transfer.
The musician's advantage is influenced by f0 processing, attentional demands, and listener age.
A complex interplay exists between age, musical background, and task demands in speech-in-noise perception.