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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

11
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
11
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

22
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

18
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
18

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Intravitreal Injection and Quantitation of Infection Parameters in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Endophthalmitis
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HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM PACEMAKER-RELATED ENDOCARDITIS PRESENTING AS ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS.

Cindy Chen1, Jose A Morillas2, Susan J Rehm2

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.

Retinal Cases & Brief Reports
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This case report details a rare instance of pacemaker-related infective endocarditis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, leading to endogenous endophthalmitis. Early consideration of fungal causes is crucial for patients with endovascular infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Pacemaker-related infective endocarditis is a serious complication.
  • Endogenous endophthalmitis requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
  • Histoplasma capsulatum is an endemic fungus that can cause systemic infections.

Observation:

  • A 75-year-old male presented with vision loss and ocular inflammation.
  • Blood and vitreous cultures were negative for bacteria, but fungal DNA (Histoplasma capsulatum) was detected in vitreous fluid.
  • Histopathology and PCR of the pacemaker lead confirmed Histoplasma capsulatum.

Findings:

  • The patient had pacemaker-related infective endocarditis manifesting as endogenous endophthalmitis.
  • Histoplasma capsulatum was identified as the causative agent.
  • Despite treatment, the ocular condition progressed to phthisis.

Implications:

  • Histoplasma capsulatum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis, especially in endemic areas.
  • This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing complex infections.
  • Early identification and treatment of fungal endocarditis can potentially improve patient outcomes.