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Related Experiment Video

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Do executive functions predict physical activity behavior? A meta-analysis.

Ceren Gürdere1, Tilo Strobach2, Massimiliano Pastore3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.

BMC Psychology
|February 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive functions (EFs) influence health behaviors. This meta-analysis found a small but significant link between EFs and physical activity (PA) behavior, suggesting EFs are key determinants.

Keywords:
Cognitive functionsExerciseInhibitionSelf-regulationShiftingSystematic reviewUpdating

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Last Updated: Aug 11, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Health Psychology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Executive functions (EFs) are critical cognitive processes influencing health behaviors.
  • Understanding the link between EFs and physical activity (PA) is vital for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis investigating the relationship between executive functions and physical activity behavior.
  • To synthesize evidence from prospective studies examining EFs as predictors of PA.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature searches were performed in PsycInfo, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus databases.
  • Included prospective empirical studies with general healthy populations across the lifespan.
  • Multilevel meta-analysis was used to determine the overall effect size.

Main Results:

  • Eight studies met the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis.
  • A small but statistically significant effect size (z = 0.12) was found for EFs predicting PA behavior.
  • High heterogeneity was observed, and moderators did not significantly explain the variability; effect size decreased when accounting for publication bias.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports a determinant role of executive functions in physical activity behavior.
  • Further research is needed to develop PA promotion programs that consider individual differences in EFs.
  • Tailoring interventions based on EFs could enhance physical activity engagement.