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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomimetics
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Architected materials with nanoscale order offer enhanced mechanical properties.
  • Replicating complex hierarchical structures in 3D printing remains a significant challenge.
  • Nature-inspired designs, like Bouligand structures, provide a blueprint for advanced material architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate 3D printing of complex geometries with guided, radially twisted chiral hierarchy using cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based inks.
  • To investigate the self-assembly of CNCs under shear flow and their relaxation into chiral nematic structures.
  • To develop a method for arresting these chiral structures in 3D printed constructs for advanced material applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based inks for 3D printing.
  • Employed rheological measurements, in situ flow analysis, and polarized optical microscopy (POM) with director field analysis.
  • Incorporated acrylamide as a photo-curable monomer and Carbopol microgels for structural support.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated shear-induced orientation of CNC particles into a pseudo-nematic phase within the nozzle.
  • Observed relaxation into uniformly aligned, concentric chiral nematic structures post-printing.
  • Showcased that photo-curable monomers at optimized concentrations enhance chiral relaxation rates without disrupting self-assembly.
  • Successfully arrested chiral arrangements using photo-polymerization, supported by microgels.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents a biomimetic approach for 3D printing complex, hierarchically ordered materials.
  • The method enables the creation of materials with nanoscale chiral structures in large-scale constructs.
  • This work expands the possibilities for advanced functional materials produced via 3D printing.