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Myopia Progression during the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh1, Amin Zand2, Mohadeseh Shafiei1
1Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Background:
To evaluate myopia progression during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its risk factors.
Methods:
We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find literature until August 2022 related to COVID-19 pandemic and myopia progression. Outcomes of myopia progression included axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE). Factors of screen time and outdoor activity time were analyzed.
Results:
Thirty-three studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared to the same period before the COVID-19 pandemic, myopia prevalence increased (OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.18). The outcomes of SE decreased -0.61 diopter (95% CI, -0.98 to -0.23), and AL increased 0.42 mm (95% CI, 0.13-0.7). Mean screen time was increased 6.25 hours/day (95% CI, 4.84-7.66), and outdoor activity time was decreased -1.52 hours/day (95% CI, -3.20 to -0.15).
Conclusion:
Establishing care policies is necessary to restrict behavioral changes and their consequences during the pandemic.
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