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Related Concept Videos

Fatigue01:21

Fatigue

Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation
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Give me a break! Unavoidable fatigue effects in cognitive pupillometry.

Drew J McLaughlin1, Maggie E Zink2, Lauren Gaunt1

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Psychophysiology
|February 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Experimenter intervention, particularly social interaction, can reduce pupil response fatigue in pupillometry studies. However, significant pupil response attenuation still occurs, necessitating accommodation in experimental designs.

Keywords:
experiment designfatiguegrowth curve analysispupillometry

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Pupillometry is a valuable tool for studying perception and cognition.
  • Task-evoked pupil responses diminish over time, known as fatigue effects.
  • Fatigue effects can reduce sensitivity and introduce confounds in pupillometry research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if experimenter intervention can reduce fatigue effects in pupillometry.
  • To compare the impact of different types of breaks and researcher observation on pupil response fatigue.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with participants assigned to different conditions: no breaks, kinetic breaks, or social interaction breaks.
  • Experiment 2 included an additional condition testing researcher observation.
  • Statistical modeling, including linear mixed-effects and growth curve models, was used to analyze pupil response data.

Main Results:

  • Only breaks involving social interaction significantly reduced pupil response fatigue.
  • Despite interventions, a substantial pupil response attenuation (at least 60%) was observed across all conditions.
  • Fatigue effects were predictable and could be accounted for using various statistical modeling approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Social interaction is key to mitigating pupil response fatigue in pupillometry.
  • Pupil response attenuation is a predictable phenomenon that must be incorporated into experimental designs and statistical analyses.
  • Accommodating fatigue effects enhances the reliability of pupillometry data in cognitive research.