[Annual progress on molecular biological diagnosis of tuberculosis 2022]

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global public health issue that threatens human health, and rapid and accurate pathogen detection is the key to early diagnosis and effective treatment. In recent years, the pathogenic diagnosis of tuberculosis is expanding from traditional bacteriological diagnosis to molecular diagnosis. In the past year, Xper MTB/RIF Ultra technology with good diagnostic performance has been applied more often to the detection of non-respiratory samples, and Xpert XDR and second-generation linear probe technology provided more basis for early and accurate diagnosis of multidrug resistance; genome sequencing technology has also been developed and applied more often to the detection of non-culture sample detection, and the cost and time required for detection have been relatively reduced. Truenat technology, which is more suitable for primary care centers, is more widely used; new TB detection technologies, such as cell-free DNA testing and mass spectrometry, are also being developed and are expected to become important tools for early and rapid diagnosis of TB and drug-resistant TB. In this review, we synthesized the major research results of molecular biology diagnosis of tuberculosis around the world from 1^st October 2021 to 30^th September 2022, and comprehensively evaluated the advantages, disadvantages and current application of molecular biology detection technologies to provide a significant basis for clinical decision-making.