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Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome
S Maayan1, G P Wormser, J Widerhorn
1Department of Medicine, Bronx Lebanon Hospital, New York.
Abstract:
Severe infections with Strongyloides stercoralis occur in immunocompromised patients. Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome complicated by gram-negative bacteremia and meningitis in a bisexual man with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is described. Increased awareness of this infection, which may also be sexually transmitted, is recommended when caring for patients with AIDS who are homosexual, or have resided in areas endemic for strongyloidiasis. Multiple stool examinations should be performed routinely for such patients. Examination of sputum for the parasite is recommended if pneumonia is present. Prompt diagnosis and therapy are essential for prevention of fatal dissemination.
Insights
Strongyloides stercoralis infections can be severe in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent fatal dissemination of this potentially sexually transmitted parasitic infection.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Parasitology
- Immunology
Background:
- Strongyloides stercoralis causes severe infections in immunocompromised patients.
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) significantly increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
Observation:
- A case of Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome is presented in a bisexual man with AIDS.
- This syndrome was complicated by gram-negative bacteremia and meningitis.
Findings:
- The case highlights the potential for Strongyloides stercoralis to cause severe disseminated disease in AIDS patients.
- The infection may be sexually transmitted, requiring increased awareness in at-risk populations.
Implications:
- Routine stool examinations are recommended for patients with AIDS, especially those with risk factors like homosexual orientation or endemic residence.
- Sputum examination for Strongyloides is advised in cases of concurrent pneumonia.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent mortality from Strongyloides dissemination.