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Published on: September 30, 2021
Complications of patients with hematologic malignancies in a selected Iranian population
Shadbahr Shayeghi1, Mahtab Hamzeh1, Ahmad Tamaddoni2
1Private Practice, Babol, Iran.
Insights
Children with hematologic malignancies often develop dental and bone issues. Early clinical and radiographic assessments are crucial for managing these oral complications.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Hematology
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
- Pediatric Dentistry
Background:
- Childhood hematologic malignancies and their treatments can lead to significant dental and jaw bone abnormalities.
- Early identification of these oral complications is essential for comprehensive patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of dental anomalies and jaw bone abnormalities in children diagnosed with hematologic malignancies.
- To assess the impact of these conditions on the oral health of pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 32 children with hematologic malignancies from 2011-2018.
- Clinical evaluations and panoramic imaging were utilized to identify dental and bone abnormalities.
- Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Main Results:
- 9.46% of patients exhibited intraoral signs; 63.9% had dental anomalies and 89.4% had jaw bone abnormalities.
- Taurodontism and lamina dura changes were the most frequent dental and bone abnormalities, respectively.
- Osteopenia was present in 13 patients (4 with severe osteopenia/osteoporosis), with significant gender differences in osteoporosis and lamina dura changes.
Conclusions:
- A high prevalence of dental and bone abnormalities, including early-onset osteopenia/osteoporosis, was observed in children with hematologic malignancies.
- Early clinical and radiographic assessment is vital for preventing and managing oral complications in this vulnerable population.
Background:
Hematologic malignancies in childhood and their treatments can cause dental anomalies and jaw bone abnormalities; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of these disorders in children.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on all children diagnosed with hematologic malignancies that referred to in Amirkola Children's Hospital from 2011 to 2018. All of children underwent clinical evaluation in a Dental Radiology Clinic and panoramic imaging was performed. The radiographs were examined for dental anomalies and jaw bone abnormalities. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis using chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis with a 95% confidence interval.
Results:
The study population consisted of 32 children and 9.46% of these patients showed intraoral signs in clinical evaluations. Panoramic radiographs indicated dental anomalies in 12 (63.9%) and jaw bone abnormalities in 17 (89.4%) patients. The most common dental anomaly and bone abnormality were taurodontism and changes in lamina dura, respectively. By measuring the mandibular cortical index (MCI), it was revealed that 13 had osteopenia, in which 4 of them had severe osteopenia (osteoporosis). The statistical analysis demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the incidence of osteoporosis and changes in lamina dura with the gender (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
Due to early onset of osteopenia and osteoporosis and the presence of dental and bone abnormalities in half of study population, early assessment of their clinical and radiographic condition can be helpful in the prevention and the early treatment of their oral complications.
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