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Looking for the phoenix: the current research on radiation countermeasures
Vojtěch Chmil1, Alžběta Filipová1, Aleš Tichý1,2
1Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
International Journal of Radiation Biology
|February 6, 2023
Summary
Developing medical radiation countermeasures is crucial for treating cancer patients and protecting against radiation exposure. Promising agents show potential for acute radiation syndrome and radiation-induced injuries, but challenges remain in efficacy and funding.
Area of Science:
- Medical countermeasures
- Radiation oncology
- Radioprotective agents
Background:
- Ionizing radiation (IR) is essential in cancer radiotherapy and medical diagnostics.
- Geopolitical threats highlight the need for medical radiation countermeasures.
- Current countermeasures face challenges with efficacy and side effects.
Approach:
- Systematic review of clinical trials using PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched clinicaltrials.gov database for studies up to May 2022.
- Included 25 completed studies from an initial 263 screened.
Key Points:
- KMRC011 shows potential for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS).
- GC4419 effectively reduced severe oral mucositis incidence and duration.
- A combination therapy reduced radiation-induced liver injury.
Conclusions:
- Most radiation countermeasures exhibit significant side effects or low efficacy, hindering development.
- Low profitability discourages private sector investment in radiation countermeasure research.
- Increased public funding and advanced in silico approaches are needed to advance countermeasure development.
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