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Related Concept Videos

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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HBP/O-GlcNAcylation Metabolic Axis Regulates Bone Resorption Outcome.

T M Taira1,2,3, E S Ramos-Junior1,4, P H Melo5

  • 1Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Café, sn, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

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The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAcylation regulate osteoclast function and bone resorption. Inhibiting O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) reduces osteoclast activity and bone loss, impacting bone remodeling.

Keywords:
NFATc1OGTbone resorptioncathepsin Kosteoclastperiapical periodontitis

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Area of Science:

  • * Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • * Bone Biology and Metabolism
  • * Metabolic Regulation of Cell Function

Background:

  • * Osteoclasts are critical for bone mass regulation, exhibiting high metabolic activity.
  • * Metabolic pathways significantly influence cellular differentiation and function.
  • * The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is a key metabolic route impacting cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the role of the HBP and O-GlcNAcylation in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
  • * To determine how O-GlcNAcylation influences the mode of bone resorption.
  • * To evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting OGT in bone loss models.

Main Methods:

  • * Pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) using OSMI-1.
  • * Genetic deletion of OGT in osteoclasts.
  • * In vitro osteoclast differentiation and resorption assays with exogenous N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc).
  • * Time-lapse microscopy to observe osteoclast behavior.
  • * In vivo studies using osteoclast-specific OGT-deficient mice in an apical periodontitis model.

Main Results:

  • * OGT inhibition and genetic deletion reduced osteoclast differentiation and key marker expression (NFATc1, cathepsin K).
  • * Exogenous GlcNAc enhanced osteoclast formation, demineralization, and promoted trench resorption mode.
  • * Osteoclast-specific OGT deficiency increased bone density and reduced bone loss in an apical periodontitis model.
  • * OGT deletion decreased inflammatory bone loss and the number of osteoclasts in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • * The HBP/O-GlcNAcylation axis is a novel regulator of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption mode.
  • * Targeting OGT presents a potential therapeutic strategy for bone diseases characterized by excessive bone resorption.
  • * O-GlcNAcylation specifically promotes an aggressive trench resorption phenotype in human osteoclasts.