[Social inequalities in under-five mortality: a systematic review]
Maylen L Rojas-Botero1, Yadira E Borrero-Ramírez2, Flor de María Cáceres-Manrique3
1MR: Profesional en Gerencia de Sistemas de Información en Salud, M.Sc. Epidemiología. Ph.D.(c) Epidemiología. Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública. Medellín, Colombia. maylen.rojas@udea.edu.co.
Revista De Salud Publica (Bogota, Colombia)
|February 8, 2023
Summary
Social inequalities persist in under-five mortality, despite overall declines. Gaps widened in some areas, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address varying mortality rates across subpopulations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Social Determinants of Health
Background:
- Under-five mortality rates have significantly decreased globally.
- However, social inequalities continue to influence child survival outcomes.
- Understanding these inequalities is crucial for effective public health strategies.
Approach:
- A systematic literature review was conducted.
- Studies published between 2010 and 2018 were analyzed from four electronic databases and Google Scholar.
- 126 articles were included in the review.
Key Points:
- Territory was the most studied axis of inequality (62.7%), followed by socioeconomic determinants (27.8%).
- Under-five mortality was the primary outcome, with neonatal, infant, and child mortality analyzed.
- Ecological and longitudinal study designs predominated.
Conclusions:
- While under-five mortality has decreased, significant disparities persist across different population groups.
- These gaps vary based on time, location, inequality axis, and the specific type of mortality examined.
- Addressing social inequalities is essential to achieve equitable reductions in child mortality.
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