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[Risks, contamination and prevention against COVID-19 in dental work: a review]
Paul M Herrera-Plasencia1, Erika Enoki-Miñano2, Miguel Y A Ruiz-Barrueto3
1PH: OD. M.Sc Estomatología. Universidad César Vallejo. Piura, Perú. pherrera@ucv.edu.pe.
Introduction:
In April 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic caused more than one million infections and 54 600 deaths to date around the world. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 is rapid, and its transmission is through droplets of saliva, hence its importance in dentistry.
Objective:
Identify the main risks, transmission routes and prevention measures against COVID-19.
Methods:
A review of the scientific literature of the last two years on the subject was carried out in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Research Gate databases. The descriptors used were: "coronavirus", "COVID-19", "dental", "dentistry", "oral", "stomatology", and "aerosol". 350 articles were found, but 50 were selected for their topicality, relationship, and focus. The transmission of the COVID-19 is carried out mainly through saliva drops, aerosols and fomites. The virus can subsist for a time on the environment and surfaces. Dentists are health workers who are at risk of contagion because several of their procedures release aerosols. The biosecurity in the exercise of this profession must be strict and extreme, also the cleaning and disinfection of the environment and contact surfaces.
Conclusions:
In the dental profession the potential risk of contamination among operators, assistants and patients is high. Knowing the causative agent and the disease allows you to reduce the possibility of contagion. The dentist must consider patients as suspects to COVID-19 and apply biosecurity at all levels.
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