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Microbial growth control refers to various methods employed to inhibit, reduce, or eliminate microorganisms to ensure safety and hygiene across different settings. These methods are categorized based on the target environment and the level of microbial control required.Biocides are versatile agents designed to control microorganisms by either inhibiting their growth or outright killing them. These agents work through various physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological mechanisms. The...
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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
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Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
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A microbial workout.

Denise Kviatcovsky1, Eran Elinav2

  • 1Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

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The gut microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in the gut-brain axis, influencing long-term exercise engagement and performance. This research highlights their importance for sustained physical activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • The gut-brain axis is a complex bidirectional communication network linking the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system.
  • Emerging evidence suggests the gut microbiota influences various physiological processes, including neurological functions and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the gut-brain axis.
  • To investigate the impact of gut-derived metabolites on long-term exercise engagement and athletic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles.
  • Investigation of signaling pathways between the gut and the brain.
  • Assessment of exercise behavior and performance in controlled settings.

Main Results:

  • Specific gut microbial metabolites were identified as key mediators in the gut-brain communication relevant to exercise.
  • Alterations in gut microbiota composition were correlated with changes in exercise duration and intensity.
  • The study provides mechanistic insights into how gut health influences the drive for physical activity.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota and its metabolites are integral components of the gut-brain axis, significantly impacting sustained exercise engagement.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota presents a potential strategy for enhancing athletic performance and promoting long-term physical activity.
  • Further research into microbial metabolites could unlock novel avenues for optimizing exercise capacity.