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Dynamics of volcanic vortex rings.

Fabio Pulvirenti1, Simona Scollo2, Carmelo Ferlito3

  • 1School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.

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Volcanic vortex rings form due to rapid gas release from magma slugs and a regular vent shape. These findings offer insights into volcanic conduit dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Volcanology

Background:

  • Vortex rings have been observed in volcanic eruptions since the 18th century.
  • The precise physical conditions for their formation remain poorly understood.
  • Understanding volcanic vortex rings can provide insights into magma conduit dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physical conditions required for the formation of volcanic vortex rings.
  • To identify model configurations that match field observations of volcanic vortex rings.
  • To offer insights into the geometry of volcanic conduits.

Main Methods:

  • A series of finite element simulations were performed.
  • The simulations aimed to replicate observed volcanic vortex ring phenomena.
  • Model configurations were systematically varied to identify key formation factors.

Main Results:

  • Volcanic vortex ring formation requires a combination of factors.
  • Fast gas release from gas bubbles (slugs) at the magma conduit's top is crucial.
  • A regular shape of the emitting vent is also necessary for ring formation.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies key parameters for volcanic vortex ring formation.
  • Findings suggest specific geometric properties of the upper volcanic conduit.
  • This research can inform cross-disciplinary studies on volcanic vent dynamics.