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Breathing exercise for hypertensive patients: A scoping review
Isnaini Herawati1,2, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin1, Mutalazimah M2
1Biomedical Science Programme & Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Breathing exercises can help lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This review found that slow breathing techniques effectively reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure as a non-drug therapy.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Preventive Medicine
- Integrative Health
Background:
- Non-pharmacological hypertension management includes lifestyle changes like exercise and weight loss.
- Breathing exercises are a recognized relaxation technique.
- Combining exercise and weight loss can reduce blood pressure in overweight hypertensive individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To map available evidence on the benefits of breathing exercises for lowering blood pressure in hypertension patients.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of current research on this topic.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley's framework.
- Evidence search process visualized using a PRISMA flowchart.
- Inclusion of 20 studies after screening 339 articles.
Main Results:
- Studies included participants with essential hypertension, pre-hypertension, and Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH).
- Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 4-54.22 mmHg.
- Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased by 3-17 mmHg.
Conclusions:
- Slow breathing exercises are a viable non-pharmacological alternative for managing hypertension.
- Breathing techniques can effectively reduce blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.
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