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Updated: Aug 11, 2025

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Fungal communities in soils under global change.

P Baldrian1, L Bell-Dereske1, C Lepinay1

  • 1Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeòská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.

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|February 10, 2023
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Summary

Global change impacts soil fungi, with nitrogen deposition and warming harming beneficial fungi. This shift towards pathogenic fungi poses a significant threat to ecosystem function.

Keywords:
depositiondroughtelevated CO2global changemycorrhizanitrogenwarming

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Area of Science:

  • Soil microbiology
  • Ecology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Soil fungi are crucial for ecosystem processes like organic matter decomposition and plant interactions.
  • Global change factors (CO2, temperature, precipitation, nitrogen deposition) significantly impact soil fungal communities.
  • Increased nitrogen deposition appears to have the most profound effect on soil fungi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the effects of global change on soil fungal communities.
  • To identify key global change factors affecting soil fungi and their roles.
  • To highlight the potential threats to ecosystem functioning due to shifts in fungal communities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on global change and soil fungi.
  • Analysis of experimental manipulations and observational data.
  • Assessment of impacts on different fungal guilds, including mutualistic and pathogenic fungi.

Main Results:

  • Plant-mutualistic fungi (ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal) are particularly sensitive to nitrogen deposition and warming, showing adverse effects.
  • While fungal biodiversity may be limitedly affected, pathogenic fungi abundance and dispersal increase.
  • Weakened ecosystems are more susceptible to pathogen outbreaks.

Conclusions:

  • A shift from mutualistic to pathogenic soil fungi represents a major threat to ecosystem functioning.
  • Current understanding of global change impacts on fungi is insufficient.
  • Further experimental work and long-term observations are needed to improve predictions.