Polyetherketoneketone Mesh for Alveolar Bone Augmentation: Geometric Parameter Design and Finite Element Analysis

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Engineering
• Orthopedic Surgery
• Finite Element Analysis

Background:

• Alveolar bone defects in the posterior mandible require effective augmentation strategies.
• Porous polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) meshes are being explored for their potential in guided bone regeneration (GBR).
• Optimizing the mechanical properties of PEKK meshes is crucial for successful clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the mechanical properties of porous PEKK meshes with varying thicknesses, pore sizes, and porosities.
• To determine an optimal PEKK mesh design for alveolar bone augmentation in the posterior mandibular region using finite element analysis (FEA).

Main Methods:

• A 3D model of mandibular posterior alveolar bone defects was created using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) data.
• PEKK meshes with varied thicknesses (0.2-0.6 mm) and pore sizes (1-3 mm) were designed, resulting in porosities of 19.18%-42.67%.
• Finite element analysis (FEA) simulated a 100 N physiological load to assess deformation and stress.

Main Results:

• PEKK mesh deformation and stress were inversely related to thickness and directly related to pore size.
• Maximum deformation ranged from 0.168-0.478 mm, equivalent stress from 49.243-124.890 MPa, and maximum principal stress from 31.549-104.200 MPa.
• A PEKK mesh with 0.2 mm thickness, 3 mm pore size, and 42.67% porosity was at risk of plastic deformation or fracture.

Conclusions:

• Thicker PEKK meshes with smaller pore sizes and lower porosities exhibit superior mechanical performance.
• An ultrathin porous PEKK mesh (≤3 mm pore size, ≤42.67% porosity, 0.2 mm thickness) is recommended for clinical use in GBR.
• This optimized design balances mechanical integrity with reduced soft tissue irritation and enhanced bone regeneration potential.