Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.

Most enzymes...

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion....

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

High-Density Ultrafine Nucleation on Discontinuous Residual Ag Suppresses Localized Growth for Stable Lithium Metal Deposition.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

Solvent-triggered reconfiguration of optical physical unclonable functions.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Visualizing Millisecond Atomic Dynamics of Nanocrystals in Liquid.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Scalable multiplexed machine learning gas sensor chips for food classification.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Charge-engineered cellulose nanofibril binders for PFAS-free, high-loading lithium battery positive electrodes.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Hydrophobic Solvation-Driven Stabilization of the Fluorenone Radical for the Anolyte of All-Organic Flow Batteries under Benign pH Conditions.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Exploring Optimal Water Splitting Bifunctional Alloy Catalyst by Pareto Active Learning.

Minki Kim^1,2, Yesol Kim^1,2, Min Young Ha³

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|February 10, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a new method combining Pareto active learning and experiments to efficiently discover high-performance bifunctional catalysts for water splitting. This approach significantly reduces the search space for optimal multimetallic alloy catalysts, accelerating renewable energy production.

Keywords:

Pareto active learning bifunctional catalyst machine learning multimetallic alloy water splitting

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Published on: July 18, 2017

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Published on: July 18, 2017

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Renewable Energy

Background:

Bifunctional multimetallic alloy catalysts are crucial for efficient water splitting and renewable energy production.
Designing these catalysts is challenging due to large composition spaces and the trade-off between hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an efficient method for discovering optimal bifunctional multimetallic alloy catalysts for water splitting.
To overcome the limitations of conventional trial-and-error experimental approaches.

Main Methods:

Integration of Pareto active learning with experimental validation.
Systematic exploration of a vast compositional space for multimetallic alloys.

Main Results:

Identified an optimal bifunctional catalyst (Pt0.15Pd0.30Ru0.30Cu0.25) with high performance for water splitting.
Achieved a water splitting voltage of 1.56 V at 10 mA cm-2 using only 110 experimental data points out of 77,946 possibilities.
Demonstrated the effectiveness of Pareto active learning in accelerating catalyst discovery.

Conclusions:

The combined Pareto active learning and experimental approach significantly enhances the efficiency of discovering high-performance multimetallic alloy catalysts.
This methodology opens new avenues for exploring complex alloy systems for various catalytic applications, including renewable energy.
The developed optimal catalyst shows promising potential for practical water splitting applications.