Prematurity and BPD: what general pediatricians should know

Area of Science:

• Neonatology
• Pediatrics
• Pulmonology

Background:

• Increasing survival rates of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants lead to a higher prevalence of prematurity-related morbidities, notably bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
• General pediatricians face a growing need to manage VLBW infants with BPD and its associated short- and long-term sequelae.
• These sequelae impact pulmonary, neurological, sensorial, cardiological, nutritional, and auxological functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide general pediatricians with practical information for the multidisciplinary follow-up of preterm infants with BPD.
• To summarize current evidence on respiratory outcomes and management strategies for BPD.
• To discuss interventions for non-respiratory outcomes and enhance the quality of life for these children and their families.

Main Methods:

• Review of current evidence on the characteristics and management of preterm infants with BPD.
• Exploration of investigations, treatments, and preventive strategies for respiratory and non-respiratory morbidities.
• Focus on a comprehensive approach to optimize neurocognitive potential and overall well-being.

Main Results:

• Management of respiratory outcomes in BPD lacks definitive options, necessitating ongoing research.
• Evidence-based strategies are available to improve non-respiratory outcomes, including neurological, sensorial, and cardiovascular health.
• Multidisciplinary follow-up is crucial for optimizing potential and preventing complications.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential for the follow-up of VLBW infants, particularly those with BPD.
• Improving the quality of life for these children and their families is a critical, often overlooked, aspect of care.
• The complex needs of VLBW infants result in significant health-related costs that require consideration.