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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Experimental Limit on Nonlinear State-Dependent Terms in Quantum Theory.

Mark Polkovnikov¹, Alexander V Gramolin², David E Kaplan³

¹Boston University Academy, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|February 10, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This experiment searched for nonlinear quantum evolution, a deviation from standard quantum theory. Researchers found no evidence of this nonlinearity, setting a new upper bound for its potential strength.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Field Theory
Experimental Physics

Background:

Linear time evolution is a cornerstone of quantum theory.
Previous attempts to introduce nonlinearity violated causality.
A recent theory proposed causality-preserving nonlinear quantum field theory.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally search for nonlinear state-dependent terms in quantum field theory.
To test predictions of a recent theoretical framework allowing nonlinear quantum evolution.
To constrain the parameter quantifying electromagnetic quantum state-dependent nonlinearity.

Main Methods:

Correlating a classical voltage with quantum bit measurement outcomes.
Utilizing a superconducting qubit and a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond for control measurements.
Implementing blinded analysis with classical random-bit generator control strings.

Main Results:

No experimental evidence for electromagnetic quantum state-dependent nonlinearity was found.
A stringent upper bound was set on the nonlinearity parameter: |εγ|<4.7×10⁻¹¹ at 90% confidence.
The experiment successfully controlled for systematic effects.

Conclusions:

The findings do not support the existence of the proposed nonlinear quantum evolution effects.
The experiment places significant constraints on theoretical models of quantum field theory.
Future research can build upon these results to further probe quantum foundations.