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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples
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Tailored magnetic resonance fingerprinting.

Pavan Poojar1, Enlin Qian2, Tiago T Fernandes3

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Columbia University in the city of New York, NY, USA.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|February 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Tailored MR fingerprinting (TMRF) significantly enhances scan efficiency for neuroimaging, acquiring multiple qualitative and quantitative contrasts in under four minutes. This rapid approach offers a promising alternative to conventional MRI methods, improving patient comfort and data acquisition speed.

Keywords:
Brain imagingMR fingerprintingMulti contrast imagingQualitative and quantitative imagingRapid imagingSynthetic MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Quantitative MRI

Background:

  • Quantitative MRI (qMRI) is crucial for diagnosing pathologies but is limited by long scan times, causing patient discomfort.
  • Synthetic MRI reduces scan time but introduces artifacts like partial volume and flow.
  • Increased scan efficiency is needed to acquire more data per unit time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, simulate, and demonstrate a rapid, simultaneous multi-contrast qualitative and quantitative imaging technique.
  • To improve scan efficiency using tailored MR fingerprinting (TMRF).
  • To cover the whole brain in approximately four minutes.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and simulated TMRF for simultaneous acquisition of T1-weighted, T1-FLAIR, T2-weighted, water, fat, T1 maps, and T2 maps.
  • Performed TMRF on four healthy human brains and an ISMRM/NIST phantom using a 3T GE Premier system.
  • Compared TMRF with vendor-supplied gold standard (GS) and standard MRF sequences, using DL denoising and neural network reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • TMRF achieved a scan efficiency of 1.72 min⁻¹, significantly higher than GS (0.32 min⁻¹) and MRF (0.90 min⁻¹).
  • Gold standard images showed better SNR (GS > TMRF > MRF).
  • MRF T1 and T2 values were overestimated compared to GS and TMRF.

Conclusions:

  • TMRF enables rapid, simultaneous multi-contrast and quantitative neuroimaging, covering the whole brain in approximately four minutes.
  • TMRF offers superior scan efficiency compared to conventional and standard MRF methods.
  • Further optimization may improve SNR and quantitative accuracy, making TMRF a valuable tool for clinical neuroimaging.