Frequency and Demographic Profile of Odontogenic Cysts in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Retrospective Multicenter Study

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Pathology
• Dentistry

Background:

• Odontogenic cysts (OCs) are diverse jaw conditions with limited data in Saudi Arabia.
• Tertiary centers lack comprehensive OC frequency, treatment, and follow-up information.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the relative frequency of OCs in three Saudi tertiary medical centers.
• To analyze clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and recurrence rates of OCs.
• To provide crucial data on OC epidemiology in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 372 OCs from three Riyadh medical centers (2010-2021).
• Data collection included patient demographics, cyst type, location, treatment, and follow-up.
• Statistical analysis of relative frequencies and clinicopathological characteristics.

Main Results:

• Apical radicular cyst (ARC) was the most frequent (50%), followed by dentigerous cyst (DC) (29.3%) and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) (14.2%).
• Males (60.4%) and adults (mean age 32) were predominantly affected, with equal maxilla/mandible distribution.
• Enucleation (52.8%) and excision (35.0%) were primary treatments; 13 cases recurred, mostly OKCs.

Conclusions:

• This is the first large multicenter study on OCs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• ARC, DC, and OKC are the most prevalent OCs in the region.
• Findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and standardized management protocols for OCs.