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Occupational Exposure to Incidental Nanomaterials in Metal Additive Manufacturing: An Innovative Approach for Risk

Marta Sousa^1,2, Pedro Arezes¹, Francisco Silva^1,3

¹ALGORITMI Research Center/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

|February 11, 2023

Summary

Metal 3D printing releases airborne nanomaterials, posing occupational health risks. This study introduces the IN Nanotool, a new method for managing incidental nanomaterial exposure in additive manufacturing workplaces.

Keywords:

control banding incidental nanoparticles metal additive manufacturing occupational exposure risk management

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health and Safety
Materials Science
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Metal 3D printing, specifically Selective Laser Melting (SLM), generates airborne nanomaterials.
These incidental nanomaterials raise concerns for occupational safety and health professionals.
Existing risk management tools may not adequately address nanomaterials from additive manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate airborne nanomaterial emissions from metal 3D printing.
To evaluate current risk assessment tools for incidental nanomaterials in SLM.
To propose a novel risk management method for these specific workplace exposures.

Main Methods:

A case study in a Portuguese organization using SLM technology.
Airborne particle monitoring using condensation particle counters and mobility particle sizers.
Analysis of particle size, shape, and chemical composition via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis.
Application and evaluation of Control Banding Nanotool v2.0 and Stoffenmanager Nano v1.0.

Main Results:

Confirmed emission of nano-scale particles during metal 3D printing.
Characterized particle concentration, size, shape, and elemental composition.
Identified limitations of existing qualitative and quantitative tools for SLM workstations.
Demonstrated the need for a specialized risk management approach.

Conclusions:

Metal 3D printing necessitates specific risk management strategies for airborne nanomaterials.
Existing tools have limitations when applied to incidental nanomaterials in additive manufacturing.
The proposed IN Nanotool offers a tailored solution for non-experts to manage risks and ensure worker safety.