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Air Pollution and Atopic Dermatitis, from Molecular Mechanisms to Population-Level Evidence: A Review
Raj P Fadadu1,2,3, Katrina Abuabara1,3, John R Balmes3,4
1Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 11, 2023
Summary
Air pollution significantly impacts atopic dermatitis (AD), a common inflammatory skin condition. Exposure exacerbates AD symptoms and increases healthcare visits, highlighting the need for further research and patient counseling.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Dermatology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition with increasing global incidence.
- Environmental factors, particularly air pollution from industrialization and wildfires, are implicated in AD development and exacerbation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a multidisciplinary review of molecular and epidemiological studies on air pollution and AD.
- To synthesize current knowledge on the associations between air pollutants and AD prevalence, incidence, severity, and healthcare utilization.
Main Methods:
- Review of molecular studies in cell and animal models.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on air pollution and AD in human populations.
- Examination of studies correlating healthcare use for AD with air pollutant levels.
Main Results:
- Molecular studies show air pollutants activate pathways (e.g., aryl hydrocarbon receptor), induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and impair skin barrier function.
- Epidemiological studies generally link air pollution to increased AD risk and severity in children and adults, though cross-sectional study results vary.
- Positive correlations exist between air pollutant levels and medical visits for AD.
Conclusions:
- Worsening global air quality poses a growing risk for atopic dermatitis development and exacerbation.
- Increased demand for AD-related medical care is anticipated due to rising air pollution levels.
- Further research is crucial for developing interventions to prevent or mitigate air pollution-induced AD.
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