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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.7K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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Differential Serotonergic Modulation of Synaptic Inputs to the Olfactory Cortex.

Ildikó Piszár1, Magor L Lőrincz1,2,3

  • 1Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Serotonin (5-HT) modulates olfactory cortex activity by boosting sensory inputs via 5-HT1B receptors. This research clarifies serotonin

Keywords:
interneuronneuromodulationolfactory cortexsynaptic transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory System
  • Neurotransmission

Background:

  • Serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT) is a key neuromodulator with diverse physiological roles.
  • The precise mechanisms of serotonin's function within the olfactory system remain largely uncharacterized.
  • Understanding 5-HT's role is crucial for deciphering olfactory processing and its modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and mechanisms of serotonin in the anterior piriform cortex (aPC).
  • To elucidate how presynaptic 5-HT receptors influence synaptic responses in the olfactory cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a combination of in vitro electrophysiology, optogenetics, and pharmacology.
  • Utilized in vivo experiments involving photostimulation to assess serotonergic effects.

Main Results:

  • Presynaptic 5-HT1B receptors were found to enhance afferent pathway-evoked synaptic responses in the aPC.
  • These same receptors suppressed feedback responses within the olfactory cortex.
  • Blocking 5-HT1B receptors diminished the inhibitory effects of serotonergic stimulation on neuronal firing in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Serotonin, acting through 5-HT1B receptors, differentially regulates synaptic inputs in the anterior piriform cortex.
  • This modulation fine-tunes sensory information processing in the olfactory cortex by adjusting the balance of synaptic inputs.
  • The findings provide novel insights into the neurochemical control of olfactory perception.