Seed Longevity-The Evolution of Knowledge and a Conceptual Framework.

Area of Science:

• Seed biology
• Plant physiology
• Biophysics

Background:

• Seed longevity is a complex trait influenced by species and environmental factors like moisture and temperature.
• Seed ageing involves cytoplasmic solidification, slowing but not stopping degradation of cellular components.
• Understanding seed viability is essential for biodiversity conservation and crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evolution of scientific understanding of seed longevity over the past five decades.
• To explore advancements in seed ageing mechanisms and storage technologies.
• To highlight the interdisciplinary nature of seed storage biology.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on seed longevity, ageing, and storage.
• Analysis of empirical models and biophysical explanations for seed viability.
• Examination of technological developments for predicting and assessing seed longevity.

Main Results:

• Scientific understanding has progressed from anecdotal rules to biophysical models and insights into glassy states in dry seeds.
• Environmental factors (moisture, temperature) critically influence seed lifespan by affecting cytoplasmic solidification and degradation rates.
• Technological advancements aid in predicting storage behavior and assessing seed longevity non-invasively.

Conclusions:

• Seed storage biology is an interdisciplinary science integrating physiology, biophysics, biochemistry, and multi-omics.
• Continued advancements in these areas are vital for enhancing seed storage efficacy.
• Improved seed storage is critical for both agricultural applications and the conservation of global biodiversity.