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Accelerating Payload Release from Complex Coacervates through Mechanical Stimulation.

Wesam A Hatem1, Yakov Lapitsky1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.

Polymers
|February 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanical stimulation, like compression or perforation, can significantly accelerate the slow release of active molecules from complex coacervates. This controlled release enhancement is most effective in swelling-prone environments, offering new possibilities for drug delivery systems.

Keywords:
complex coacervatecontrolled releasepolyaminepolyelectrolytestimulus-responsive materials

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Complex coacervates are formed from oppositely charged polymers and are studied for sustained release applications.
  • While effective for long-term delivery, coacervate release rates can be too slow for therapeutic needs.
  • Mechanical stimulation is explored as a method to enhance payload release from these matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acceleration of small molecule release from coacervate matrices via mechanical stimulation.
  • To understand the mechanisms behind mechanical activation of coacervate release.
  • To assess the influence of the release medium on the mechanical activation effect.

Main Methods:

  • Coacervates were formed using poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and pentavalent tripolyphosphate (TPP).
  • Rhodamine B dye was used as a model payload to track release kinetics.
  • Mechanical stimulation was applied through perforation (needles) and compression; release was monitored in deionized water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).

Main Results:

  • Mechanical stimulation (perforation, compression) accelerated Rhodamine B release from PAH/TPP coacervates severalfold.
  • Stimulation led to coacervate deswelling, attributed to the rupture and collapse of solvent-filled pores.
  • The effect was more pronounced in deionized water (high swelling) than in PBS (inhibited swelling).

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical activation is a viable strategy to accelerate slow release from complex coacervates.
  • The mechanism involves the collapse of swollen, solvent-filled pores within the coacervate matrix.
  • This approach can enhance the efficacy of coacervate-based sustained release systems, particularly those prone to osmotic swelling.