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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Electrogravimetric analysis measures the weight of an analyte deposited electrolytically onto a suitable working electrode. This method involves applying a potential to a pre-weighed electrode submerged in a solution, which results in the desired substance being deposited through reduction at the cathode or oxidation at the anode. The electrode's weight is recorded after deposition, and the difference in weight gives the analyte's weight in the solution.
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Depth-Resolved Elemental Analysis on Moving Electrode Foils with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

Carl Basler1, Moritz Kappeler1, Daniel Carl1

  • 1Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 11, 2023
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Summary

A new inline depth profiling method using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) enables real-time elemental analysis of moving samples. This technique successfully measured coating homogeneity on lithium-ion battery electrode foils at speeds up to 17 m/min.

Keywords:
depth profilinginline measurementlaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)lithium-ion battery

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Inline process monitoring is crucial for quality control in manufacturing.
  • Traditional depth profiling methods are often offline and time-consuming.
  • Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers rapid elemental analysis capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel inline method for depth-resolved elemental analysis of continuously moving samples.
  • To adapt LIBS for real-time depth profiling on industrial production lines.
  • To assess the feasibility of analyzing coating homogeneity on moving samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.
  • Implemented a synchronized moving stage for precise laser pulse delivery to a conveyor belt system.
  • Analyzed emission spectra of laser-induced plasmas for depth profiling.
  • Synchronized stage speed with sample movement using a wheel encoder.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of inline depth profiling on moving samples.
  • Successfully measured coating homogeneity on electrode foils for lithium-ion batteries.
  • Achieved measurement speeds of up to 17 m/min.
  • Determined that approximately 10 laser pulses were sufficient for a full depth profile of a 100 μm coating.

Conclusions:

  • The developed inline LIBS method is effective for real-time depth-resolved elemental analysis of moving industrial materials.
  • This technique significantly enhances quality control and process optimization for applications like battery manufacturing.
  • The system demonstrates high-speed analysis capabilities for coating homogeneity assessment.