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In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi,...
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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Transmission-line series resistance and shunt conductance cause three primary effects: attenuation, distortion, and power losses.
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Subjective Assessment of Objective Image Quality Metrics Range Guaranteeing Visually Lossless Compression.

Afnan1, Faiz Ullah1, Yaseen1

  • 1Department of Electronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.

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Summary

This study integrates subjective and objective methods to evaluate JPEG 1 image compression, identifying key metrics for visually lossless quality. The findings help optimize image compression for reduced storage and transmission costs.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Digital image processing
  • Image compression standards
  • Visual quality assessment

Background:

  • Increasing media usage necessitates efficient image and video storage and transmission.
  • Image compression reduces data size but can introduce visual artifacts.
  • Evaluating compression algorithm performance is crucial for maintaining image quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate subjective and objective image quality assessment (IQA) methods.
  • To determine the range of image quality metric (IQM) values ensuring visually lossless compression using JPEG 1.
  • To develop and utilize novel "Flicker Test Software" for evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed "Flicker Test Software" for integrated subjective and objective evaluation.
  • Conducted subjective analysis of test images at various compression levels.
  • Calculated IQMs at the visually lossless compression level for each subject.

Main Results:

  • Identified Feature Similarity Index Measure (FSIM), MS-SSIM, and IW-SSIM as reliable objective IQMs.
  • These metrics showed closely packed values with low standard deviation for visually lossless JPEG 1 compression.
  • Average values for FSIM, MS-SSIM, and IW-SSIM were 0.9997, 0.9970, and 0.9970, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • FSIM, MS-SSIM, and IW-SSIM effectively guarantee visually lossless image compression with JPEG 1.
  • The integrated approach provides a robust method for evaluating image compression quality.
  • Optimized compression ensures reduced storage and transmission costs without compromising visual fidelity.