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Multi-Technology Multi-Operator Site Sharing: Compliance Distance Analysis for EMF Exposure.

Mohammed S Elbasheir1, Rashid A Saeed2, Salaheldin Edam1

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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

Sharing mobile network base stations increases compliance distances (CDs) for electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. More operators sharing a site significantly extend EMF safety zones, with 5G contributing most to exposure.

Keywords:
5GEMF exposurecompliance boundarymassive MIMOpower densitytotal exposure ratio

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Area of Science:

  • Telecommunications Engineering
  • Electromagnetic Field Theory
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rapid growth in mobile networks, particularly 5G New Radio (5G NR), necessitates numerous base stations (BSs).
  • Increased BS deployment raises concerns regarding elevated electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation exposure levels.
  • International bodies establish maximum exposure limits for EMF transmitters to ensure public safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate compliance distances (CDs) at shared mobile network sites utilized by multiple Mobile Network Operators (MNOs).
  • To analyze EMF exposure for macro and indoor-Based solution sites (IBS) under multi-operator, multi-technology sharing scenarios.
  • To assess power densities and total exposure ratios for the general public and occupational workers.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated compliance distances (CDs) for macro and indoor-Based solution sites (IBS).
  • Analyzed power densities and total exposure ratios (TER) in various sharing scenarios.
  • Applied an EMF site sharing scale-up formula to estimate CD increases for 'N' MNOs.

Main Results:

  • Site sharing significantly increases compliance distances: 41% for two MNOs, 73% for three, and 100% for four MNOs compared to a single MNO.
  • The EMF site sharing scale-up formula accurately estimated CD increases for multiple operators.
  • 5G technology demonstrated the highest contribution to the total exposure ratio (TER) at the CD in the primary antenna direction.

Conclusions:

  • Sharing mobile network infrastructure, especially with multiple operators and technologies, substantially increases required EMF compliance distances.
  • The findings provide crucial data for managing EMF exposure in increasingly complex shared mobile network environments.
  • Strategic planning is essential to mitigate increased EMF exposure risks associated with 5G NR deployment and site sharing.