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Mortality and Complications of COVID-19 Among Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Kavin Raj1, Vrinda Vyas1, Karthik Yeruva2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA.

Current Problems in Cardiology
|February 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients with COVID-19 face higher risks of in-hospital death and severe illness. Preventive care, including vaccination, is crucial for improving survival in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) is a growing population with unique health vulnerabilities.
  • The impact of COVID-19 on ACHD patients requires specific investigation due to potential complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine in-hospital mortality and complicated COVID-19 infection rates in ACHD patients.
  • To identify specific ACHD subtypes and risk factors associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.
  • Analyzed data from 4219 COVID-19 patients with ACHD.
  • Conducted subgroup analyses for specific congenital heart defects.

Main Results:

  • ACHD patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (OR 1.04) and complicated infections (OR 1.30).
  • Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) was linked to higher mortality, while atrial septal defects (ASD) correlated with more complicated infections.
  • Advanced age, lower income, unrepaired ACHD, malnutrition, and chronic liver disease were mortality risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses a significant threat to ACHD patients, increasing mortality and complication risks.
  • Targeted preventive strategies, including vaccination and non-pharmacologic measures, are recommended for ACHD patients to enhance survival rates.

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