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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Updated: Aug 10, 2025

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

Published on: May 20, 2019

Circular external fixation for knee fusion in complex indications.

Yousef Marwan¹, Ross Muir², Elizabeth Barron²

¹Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait. yousefmarwan@hotmail.com.

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology : Orthopedie Traumatologie

|February 11, 2023

Summary

Circular external fixation offers a reliable solution for knee fusion in complex cases, particularly those with infected, failed knee replacements. This technique achieved a high fusion rate with manageable complications.

Keywords:

Arthrodesis External fixation Fusion Hexapod external fixator Ilizarov Knee

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Last Updated: Aug 10, 2025

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

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Published on: May 20, 2019

Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models

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Published on: October 9, 2014

A Reliable and Reproducible Critical-Sized Segmental Femoral Defect Model in Rats Stabilized with a Custom External Fixator

A Reliable and Reproducible Critical-Sized Segmental Femoral Defect Model in Rats Stabilized with a Custom External Fixator

Published on: March 24, 2019

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Limb reconstruction
Arthrodesis

Background:

Complex knee problems present significant reconstructive challenges.
Limited surgical options exist for severe knee pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the technique, outcomes, and complications of circular external fixation for knee fusion.
To assess its efficacy in complex knee indications.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database.
Inclusion of patients undergoing knee fusion with a circular external fixator.
Analysis of data from a complex limb reconstruction unit.

Main Results:

Fusion was achieved in 92.9% of 14 patients.
Deep infection was the primary indication (78.5%), often linked to failed revision arthroplasty.
Pin site infection (42.9%) was the most common complication.

Conclusions:

Circular external fixation is a dependable surgical approach for knee fusion.
It is particularly effective for infected, failed revision total knee replacements.