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Subduction initiation triggered the Caribbean large igneous province.

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New subduction zones form via polarity reversal, driven by tectonic plate collisions. This study models the Caribbean, revealing how Pacific subduction initiated an Atlantic subduction zone and a mantle plume.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Tectonics
  • Geodynamics

Background:

  • Subduction drives plate tectonics, but new subduction zone formation is debated.
  • The Lesser Antilles Arc in the Atlantic is a key example.
  • Previous hypotheses include Pacific subduction transmission or plume head impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simulate the Cretaceous Caribbean region's evolution.
  • To investigate the trigger mechanisms for new subduction zone formation.
  • To explain the origin of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province.

Main Methods:

  • Geodynamic modeling of the Caribbean region during the Cretaceous.
  • Simulation of tectonic plate interactions and mantle flow.

Main Results:

  • Eastern Pacific subduction initiated a new Atlantic subduction zone via polarity reversal.
  • Collision of the Caribbean plateau with Central America was key.
  • Subduction renewal generated a mantle flow reorganization and a subduction-induced plume.

Conclusions:

  • Plate collisions and polarity reversal are crucial for new subduction zone formation.
  • The model explains the origin of the Atlantic subduction and the Caribbean Large Igneous Province.
  • Geodynamic simulations provide insights into complex tectonic processes.