[Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Ozone Concentration and Population Health Benefit Assessment in...

In recent years, the ozone (O₃) concentration has showed a rising trend in China, becoming second only to PM_2.5 as an important factor affecting air quality. To grasp the spatial-temporal variations characteristics of O₃ and the associated health impacts during the implementation of the three-year plan on defending the blue sky in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, data collected from 210 monitoring stations in the YRD from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed using the global Moran's index and Getis-Ord G^* index methods, and the associated health benefits of reduced O₃ exposure were evaluated using the health risk and environmental value assessment methods. The results showed that during the study period, the interquartile range (IQR) of the annual average O₃ concentration and that of the warm season both presented a declining trend. The average O₃ concentrations in both warm and cold seasons showed a similar spatial distribution pattern, with the northern part exhibiting the higher concentrations and the southern part showing the lower concentrations. Furthermore, the O₃ concentrations in the warm season were characterized by high O₃ concentrations clustering in the northern and central part of the region. The proportion of the population exposure to annual average O₃ concentration over 160 μg·m^-3 decreased from 72.3% in 2017 to 34.8% in 2020 in the YRD. Although the population-weighted annual mean O₃ concentration in the whole YRD region showed a downward trend, some cities in western Anhui province, northern Jiangsu province, and central Jiangsu province showed fluctuations and even an increasing trend. In terms of health benefits, there were 3782 cases (95% CI:2050-5511 cases) of avoided premature deaths associated with reduced O₃ concentrations in the warm season in 2020 compared to 2017. The total health benefit was 26198 million yuan (95% CI:14201-38175 million yuan). Compared to the cost of the main O₃ precursor emission reduction, the cost-benefits ratio was 1:1.67 to 3.23.