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Experimental Design of Vertical Distraction Osteogenesis Using Simple 3 Screws
Zeyu Li1, Dongbo Jiang2, Yusheng Yao1
1Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|February 13, 2023
Summary
A simplified distraction osteogenesis device using three screws and a rubber band successfully increased mandibular bone height by 5 mm in rabbits. This method stimulated significant bone cell proliferation and differentiation, highlighting its potential for bone regeneration.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Distraction osteogenesis (DO) devices are often complex.
- Simplifying DO devices is crucial for wider clinical application.
- Understanding the histologic effects of mechanical forces in DO is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a simplified DO device using basic components.
- To analyze the histologic changes in bone tissue induced by mechanical forces from the simplified device.
- To investigate the cellular and molecular responses to distraction osteogenesis.
Main Methods:
- A novel DO device was created using 3 screws and 1 rubber band.
- The device was applied to the mandible of 10 New Zealand white rabbits.
- Histologic analysis, including Toluidine blue staining, PerkinElmer assays, and transmission electron microscopy, was performed after 20 days of distraction.
Main Results:
- The experimental side (ES) showed a 5 mm increase in bone height compared to the control side (CS).
- Significantly higher osteoblast density was observed in the ES (P <0.01).
- Increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (P =0.016) and collagen-I (P =0.000) was noted in the ES, along with greater numbers of cellular organelles.
Conclusions:
- The simplified 3-screw and rubber band device effectively increases mandibular bone height.
- Mechanical forces generated by the device stimulate significant cell proliferation and differentiation, promoting osteogenesis.
- Collagen-I may play a role in early-stage osteogenesis during distraction.
