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What makes Ethereum blockchain transactions be processed fast or slow? An empirical study
Michael Pacheco1, Gustavo A Oliva1, Gopi Krishnan Rajbahadur2
1Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing Queen's University, Kingston, ON Canada.
Understanding Ethereum transaction processing times is key for decentralized application (ÐApp) developers. Our study reveals that gas pricing behaviors significantly impact these times, helping developers maintain Quality of Service (QoS).
Area of Science:
- Blockchain Technology
- Distributed Systems
- Machine Learning Applications
Background:
- Ethereum enables decentralized applications (ÐApps) via smart contracts, requiring transactions for execution.
- Transaction processing delays on the Ethereum blockchain hinder ÐApp developers' ability to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate factors influencing Ethereum transaction processing times.
- To develop predictive models for transaction processing delays.
- To provide actionable insights for ÐApp developers to maintain QoS.
Main Methods:
- Development of random forest models to analyze transaction processing times.
- Engineering features capturing internal blockchain data and gas pricing behaviors.
- Interpretation of model results to identify key influencing factors.
Main Results:
- Gas pricing behaviors of transaction issuers are strongly associated with transaction processing times.
- Blockchain internal factors also contribute to processing time variations.
- Random forest models effectively identify significant predictors of processing delays.
Conclusions:
- Gas pricing strategies are critical for managing and predicting Ethereum transaction processing times.
- Empirical findings offer practical guidance for ÐApp developers to ensure consistent QoS.
- Further research can refine models for more accurate real-time processing time estimations.
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