Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...

X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Tempo and drivers of 3D eye size evolution in temperate butterflies.

Evolution letters·2026

Same author

Oblique diffraction geometry for the observation of several non-coplanar Bragg reflections under identical illumination.

Journal of applied crystallography·2025

Same author

Adaptations for stealth in the wing-like flippers of a large ichthyosaur.

Nature·2025

Same author

Microstructure and stress mapping in 3D at industrially relevant degrees of plastic deformation.

Scientific reports·2024

Same author

Development towards high-resolution kHz-speed rotation-free volumetric imaging.

Optics express·2024

Same author

An efficient system matrix factorization method for scanning diffraction based strain tensor tomography.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2023

Same journal

Quantitative analysis of light-induced ion segregation in mixed-halide perovskites.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026

Same journal

Towards machine-learning-based on-the-fly analysis of neutron reflectometry.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026

Same journal

<i>mcstas_gisans</i>: combining ray tracing with the distorted-wave Born approximation using <i>McStas</i> and <i>BornAgain</i> for virtual GISANS experiments.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026

Same journal

Computational methods for automated center determination in electron diffraction patterns.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026

Same journal

Epitaxy of ultrathin Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> films on SrTiO<sub>3</sub>(001): influence of growth parameters on the formation of coexisting (111)- and (001)-oriented phases.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026

Same journal

Spin excitations near the pressure-induced antiferromagnetic transition in SrCu<sub>2</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

$Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography$

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

Published on: April 24, 2018

xrd_simulator: 3D X-ray diffraction simulation software supporting 3D polycrystalline microstructure morphology

Axel Henningsson¹, Stephen A Hall¹

¹Div. Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 1, Lund, Sweden.

Journal of Applied Crystallography

|February 13, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The xrd_simulator Python package simulates X-ray diffraction microscopy experiments. It models X-ray interactions with polycrystalline microstructures, aiding in optimizing experimental designs and data reconstruction.

Keywords:

3DXRD X-ray diffraction computer programs polycrystalline microstructure simulation tools

More Related Videos

$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry

Published on: October 6, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 10, 2025

$Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography$

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

Published on: April 24, 2018

$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Computational Physics
Crystallography

Background:

Simulating X-ray interactions with materials is crucial for understanding microstructure.
Existing methods may lack flexibility for complex polycrystalline materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce xrd_simulator, an open-source Python package for simulating X-ray diffraction.
To enable numerical exploration of data reconstruction and experimental optimization in X-ray diffraction microscopy.

Main Methods:

Utilizes a tetrahedral mesh representation for polycrystalline aggregates with independent lattices.
Approximates X-ray beams as convex polyhedra and allows continuous sample motion.
Employs analytical solutions to a time-dependent Laue equation for simulations.

Main Results:

The software simulates geometrical interactions between X-ray beams and polycrystalline microstructures.
It handles arbitrary intragranular lattice variations within multiphase 3D aggregates.
Enables simulation of standard and non-standard measurement sequences.

Conclusions:

xrd_simulator facilitates numerical exploration of reconstructible sample quantities.
It aids in optimizing experimental run times and sampling strategies for X-ray diffraction microscopy.