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Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis

Priya Singh1, Yogendra Bhaskar1, Pulkit Verma1

  • 1Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.

Frontiers in Public Health
|February 13, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Elderly patients with pre-existing conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease face a significantly higher risk of COVID-19 mortality. These comorbidities are strong predictors of severe outcomes and death from the virus.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread mortality and economic disruption globally.
  • Understanding COVID-19 dynamics in large, diverse populations like India is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients based on age, gender, and comorbidities.
  • To assess the impact of comorbidities on severe COVID-19 outcomes over a two-year period.

Main Methods:

  • Categorized COVID-19 patients by comorbidity status.
  • Estimated COVID-19 distribution (positive, hospitalized, mortality) across age/gender groups.
  • Calculated incidence rates (IR), odds ratios (OR), and proportions to assess comorbidity impact.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 mortality showed exponential growth, particularly in individuals over 50 (~80% mortality).
  • Age and comorbidities were identified as significant predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Diabetes (OR: 2.39), hypertension (OR: 2.31), and heart disease (OR: 2.19) were the strongest risk factors for mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Elderly individuals with pre-existing conditions face elevated COVID-19 mortality risk.
  • Preventive care, medical resources, and vaccination are recommended for elderly patients with underlying health issues.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19comorbidityepidemiologyhypertensionodd ratio

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