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Circulating Calprotectin (cCLP) in autoimmune diseases
Mariangela Manfredi1, Lieve Van Hoovels2, Maurizio Benucci3
1Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy.
Autoimmunity Reviews
|February 13, 2023
Summary
Circulating calprotectin (cCLP) shows promise as a prognostic biomarker for chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, aiding in identifying patients needing close monitoring. Further research is needed for non-rheumatic conditions.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Rheumatology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Calprotectin (CLP) is a key innate immunity complex (S100A8/A9) with cytotoxic and proinflammatory roles.
- CLP influences cell differentiation, proliferation, and NETosis, and is implicated in various rheumatic diseases.
- Circulating CLP (cCLP) is increasingly recognized as a biomarker for neutrophil-related inflammation in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) and non-ARD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on circulating calprotectin (cCLP) as a biomarker.
- To summarize the role of cCLP in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) and non-ARD.
- To assess the prognostic value of cCLP in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review using PubMed and EMBASE.
- Searched for terms including circulating calprotectin, S100A8/A9, MRP8/14, and specific autoimmune diseases.
- Included English-language articles with full text available.
Main Results:
- High cCLP serum levels correlate with worse structural outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis.
- cCLP can predict disease relapse in SLE, AAV, and severe connective tissue diseases (e.g., glomerulonephritis, lung fibrosis).
- cCLP shows potential for monitoring inflammatory bowel diseases, but results in other non-rheumatic conditions are controversial, requiring further study.
Conclusions:
- Circulating calprotectin (cCLP) is a relevant potential prognostic biomarker.
- cCLP reflects local or systemic inflammation, particularly in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
- Further research is needed to clarify cCLP's role in non-rheumatic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases like myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis.
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