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Computer anthropomorphisation in a socio-economic dilemma.

Carlotta Cogoni1, Angelica Fiuza2, Leslie Hassanein3

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Behavior Research Methods
|February 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Participants frequently anthropomorphize computer opponents in social dilemma games. A roulette control, however, showed no such bias, suggesting it may be a better non-social comparison in psychological research.

Keywords:
AnthropomorphisationCompetitionComputerCooperationPrisoner’s dilemmaRouletteSocial behaviourSocial dilemma

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Non-social targets are standard controls in human behavior studies.
  • Anthropomorphism, attributing human qualities to non-human entities, complicates using computers as controls.
  • This bias can skew results in psychological experiments involving human-computer interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the extent of anthropomorphism towards computer opponents in a social dilemma.
  • To compare participant behavior towards a computer versus a non-anthropomorphic control (roulette).
  • To investigate the influence of a roulette control on subsequent interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a sequential and iterated prisoner's dilemma with 41 participants.
  • Participants played against three distinct opponents: a human, a computer, and a roulette, each represented by an image.
  • Measured cooperation choice frequencies and transition probabilities for each opponent type within subjects.

Main Results:

  • Participants exhibited significant anthropomorphism towards the computer opponent.
  • No significant anthropomorphism was observed for the roulette opponent compared to human opponents (p = .99).
  • A preceding roulette round amplified behavioral differences towards the computer, affecting cooperation choice (61%, p = .007) and post-defection cooperation probability (79%, p = .007).

Conclusions:

  • A substantial anthropomorphism bias exists towards computer opponents in social games, irrespective of appearance.
  • A roulette serves as a more suitable non-social control, especially when opponent capabilities are ambiguous.
  • Findings highlight the need to carefully select non-social controls in behavioral research to avoid anthropomorphism bias.