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Updated: Aug 10, 2025

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The acute bronchiolitis rebound in children after COVID-19 restrictions: a retrospective, observational analysis

Antonietta Curatola1, Benedetta Graglia2, Serena Ferretti3

  • 1. c.anto91@hotmail.it.

Acta Bio-Medica : Atenei Parmensis
|February 14, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The post-COVID period saw an earlier, shorter bronchiolitis season with increased hospitalizations in children. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) was the most common cause, with SARS-CoV-2 rarely identified.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of pediatric illness and hospitalization.
  • Understanding seasonal trends and etiology is crucial for public health management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) admissions for bronchiolitis during the post-COVID period with previous seasons.
  • To analyze the etiology of bronchiolitis during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative analysis of demographic, clinical, and microbiological data.
  • Data collected from children admitted to the PED with bronchiolitis between September 2021 and March 2022 (post-COVID period) compared to previous seasons (COVID and pre-COVID).

Main Results:

  • The post-COVID bronchiolitis season began earlier with a peak in November 2021.
  • Higher rates of high-priority codes (61.4%) and hospitalizations were observed in the post-COVID period compared to pre-COVID (34.8%).
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) was prevalent (60.2%), followed by Human Rhinovirus (30.1%); SARS-CoV-2 was rarely detected (1.5%).

Conclusions:

  • The post-COVID period exhibited an early, intense, and short bronchiolitis season with increased hospitalization rates.
  • SARS-CoV-2 was an infrequent cause of bronchiolitis in young children during this period.
Abstract

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