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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

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Radiofrequency Exposure Levels in Greece.

Charilaos Tyrakis1, Kiki Theodorou1, Yiannis Kiouvrekis2

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.

Bioelectromagnetics
|February 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiofrequency (RF) exposure in Greece, measured across urban and rural areas, remained well below safety limits. TV/FM signals were the primary RF source, with mobile contributions being minor and compliant with international guidelines.

Keywords:
RF exposurechildren exposureelectromagnetic measurementshealth effectssafety guidelines

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Area of Science:

  • Bioelectromagnetics
  • Medical Physics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Assessing radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure is crucial for public health, especially in areas with sensitive land use.
  • Previous studies have indicated varying RF exposure levels across different geographical and land-use types.
  • Understanding the dominant RF sources is key to managing potential health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and evaluate RF exposure levels (27-3000 MHz) in various Greek locations, including metropolitan and rural areas.
  • To identify the primary sources contributing to the total RF exposure.
  • To compare RF exposure levels with international safety guidelines, specifically ICNIRP 2020.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 1000 RF measurements across two metropolitan locations (Athens, Thessaloniki) and other urban/rural sites in Greece.
  • Utilized a Narda Safety Test Solutions SRM 3006 spectrum analyzer for broadband electric field measurements.
  • Analyzed the contribution of different RF sources, including TV/FM, mobile communications, and meteorological/military systems.

Main Results:

  • Mean broadband electric field levels were 0.41 V/m in metropolitan areas and 0.36 V/m in other regions.
  • TV and Radio FM signals were the predominant RF source (36.2%) in metropolitan areas, while meteorological/military systems dominated (31.1%) in other areas.
  • Total RF exposure levels were significantly below the ICNIRP 2020 safety guidelines, with maximum exposure at 0.129% in metropolitan areas.

Conclusions:

  • RF exposure levels across Greece are within safe international limits, with no significant differences between metropolitan and other areas.
  • TV/FM signals and meteorological/military systems are the main contributors to RF exposure, with mobile sector contributions being relatively low.
  • Future deployment of 5G antennas may increase total RF exposure, necessitating updated safety distance assessments.