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Human maxillary sinus size, shape, and surface area: Implications for structural and functional hypotheses.

Suhhyun Kim1,2,3, Lyndee A Ward1, Lauren N Butaric4

  • 1Center for Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.

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Human maxillary sinus (MS) volume variation is primarily driven by width and height, impacting shape and mucosal surface area. These findings offer insights into sinus development and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Human Anatomy
  • Craniofacial Morphology

Background:

  • Maxillary sinus (MS) research often prioritizes volume, overlooking shape and surface area.
  • MS morphology is hypothesized to influence form and function.
  • Understanding MS morphology requires a comprehensive approach beyond just volume.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate maxillary sinus (MS) volume alongside shape and surface area in modern humans.
  • Determine if MS volume variation correlates with predictable changes in MS shape (allometry).
  • Analyze how MS size-shape scaling affects mucosal surface area.

Main Methods:

  • CT scans of 162 human crania from diverse ancestral backgrounds were analyzed.
  • Measurements included MS volume, surface area, 3D coordinates, and linear dimensions.
  • Multivariate analyses assessed associations between MS volume and other morphological variables.

Main Results:

  • Significant associations were found between MS volume and 3D shape across and within samples.
  • MS volume variation is mainly linked to height and width relative to length.
  • Allometric scaling patterns influenced total mucosal surface area and the SAV ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Maxillary sinus (MS) volume variation is disproportionately influenced by width and height.
  • Findings impact hypotheses on MS morphology's link to craniofacial development.
  • Results inform theories regarding adaptive physiological roles of MS morphology.