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Activity Distribution Among the Hamstring Muscles During the Nordic Hamstring Exercise: A Multichannel Surface

Jozef J M Suskens1,2,3, Gustaaf Reurink2,3, Johannes L Tol2,3,4

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam,The Netherlands.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics
|February 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The semitendinosus muscle shows higher activity during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), potentially protecting the often-injured biceps femoris long head. This study reveals hamstring muscle activity patterns during NHE.

Keywords:
injury preventionload sharingmuscle functionmuscle strain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is widely used for hamstring injury prevention.
  • Understanding hamstring muscle activation patterns during NHE is crucial for optimizing training and injury mitigation strategies.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the differential activity within and between hamstring muscle components during the NHE's eccentric phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the distribution of muscle activity within and between the hamstring muscles during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE).
  • To gain insights into the protective mechanisms underlying the NHE by comparing muscle activation patterns.
  • To investigate the relative contributions of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus during the eccentric phase of the NHE.

Main Methods:

  • Multichannel electromyography (EMG) was employed to measure muscle activity in male basketball players performing the NHE.
  • EMG data were collected from 15 electrode locations across the biceps femoris long head (5 locations), semitendinosus (4 locations), and semimembranosus (6 locations).
  • Muscle activity was analyzed for each electrode and quantified as mean and variance across electrodes within each muscle throughout the eccentric phase.

Main Results:

  • Heterogeneous muscle activity was observed within the semitendinosus (between 38%-62% of the eccentric phase) and semimembranosus (over the entire eccentric phase).
  • The semitendinosus exhibited significantly higher muscle activity compared to the biceps femoris long head.
  • The semitendinosus demonstrated the highest relative contribution among the hamstring muscles during the NHE.

Conclusions:

  • The semitendinosus plays a dominant role during the Nordic hamstring exercise.
  • The high activation of the semitendinosus may serve a compensatory function, potentially mitigating risk to the biceps femoris long head, which is frequently injured.
  • These findings enhance our understanding of the neuromuscular control and protective effects of the NHE on the hamstring musculature.