Male Contributory Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

With 40% of idiopathic cases, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a problem of great concern for patients and clinicians. In addition to financial burden, it causes a lot of frustration and anxiety in affected couples. The primary objective of this review was to gain knowledge of recent advances in the field of recurrent pregnancy losses and to understand the role of male contributory factors in idiopathic cases. For a long time, researchers and clinicians were seeking an explanation for idiopathic RPL (iRPL) in females only; however, with recent advances in reproductive biology, the role of spermatozoa in early embryonic development has caught the attention of researchers. Clinically, only routine semen parameters and karyotyping are investigated in iRPL male partners, which seem to be insufficient in the present scenario, and thus, more information at the molecular level is required for a comprehensive understanding of iRPL. In concluding remarks, we suggest targeted multi-omics investigations in a large cohort to improve our understanding of the role of male contributory factors in iRPL.