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Related Concept Videos

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

4.0K
Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is...
4.0K
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

2.9K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
2.9K
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

2.7K
Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
2.7K
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

3.0K
Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is...
3.0K
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction00:59

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

3.9K
The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.
3.9K
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

2.1K
Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo,...
2.1K

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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
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4-(All-yloxy)benzohydrazide.

Sultana Shakila Khan1, Md Belayet Hossain Howlader1, Ryuta Miyatake2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.

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|February 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a compound (C10H12N2O2), revealing near-planar molecular geometry. Molecules form a 2D network via hydrogen bonds in the crystal lattice.

Keywords:
all­ylbenzohydrazidecrystal structure

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Molecular structure analysis
  • Organic chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular arrangement is key in materials science.
  • Hydrogen bonding influences crystal packing and material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of C10H12N2O2.
  • To analyze the molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed.
  • Analysis of atomic positions and bond lengths/angles.
  • Identification of hydrogen bonding networks.

Main Results:

  • The non-hydrogen atoms are nearly coplanar, with minor deviations at terminal atoms.
  • Terminal allyl carbon and hydrazide nitrogen atoms show displacements of 0.67(2) and 0.20(2) Å.
  • A two-dimensional network is formed by N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds propagating in the (001) plane.

Conclusions:

  • The compound C10H12N2O2 exhibits a specific near-planar molecular conformation.
  • Intermolecular hydrogen bonding dictates a 2D network structure in the solid state.